Alternative Ending To Catcher in the Rye Essay

Anyway, I really did go home after the carrousel. First, Phoebe and I walked out of the park and took the bus to Grand Central, to get my god dam Gladstone’s out of the strong box there. Though it had stopped hammering down, I was still pretty wet. Boy, it really came down like a madman. I still had ‘Phoebe’s’ red hunting hat on, it was soaking wet though. I didn’t care though. â€Å"I’m glad we’re both going home now, Holden†, she said. â€Å"I’m just ready to get this over with†, I said, â€Å"Mom and dad will cry.† â€Å"Don’t worry, Holden. It’ll be okay†, Phoebe said. She squeezed my hand which she was holding and smiled. It just about killed me. We had most of Phoebe’s Christmas dough, so we got my Gladstone’s, and took the bus to 72nd street. There were a bunch of kids at the back of the bus. They were all horsing around, laughing and all. We sat next to them. We took up a lot of room, since we had my two suitcases, plus my old suitcase with Phoebe’s stuff in it. I heard some kid say, â€Å"Phoebe, your brother found you!† I looked across the bus. It was that kid I met in the park yesterday, the girls who roller skates I’d tightened and all. â€Å"Holden’s coming to see me in the play†, she said to the girl. She tugged my arm, â€Å"This is my brother Holden, Holden, this is Susie. She’s in the play too!† â€Å"Yes†, Susie said, â€Å"It should be really great†. She was so polite. I really liked her. I usually like Phoebe’s friends when I first meet them. Phoebe and Susie helped me get my mind off of how I was about to face my parents. I was worried about my mom. I tried not to think of how hysterical she’d get. Phoebe said mom and dad were coming home at around 7. It was 4 now. We got off the bus at 72nd street, said goodbye to Susie and all, and then walked home. â€Å"How are Mr. and Mrs. Antolini?† she asked me. â€Å"They’re doing pretty good†, I said. Of course I would never tell her what really happened. I still couldn’t believe it. Had he always liked me in a flirty way? We got home, and I took my suitcases into my room and I lay down on my bed. I was pretty tired. All of a sudden i got to thinking about Pencey. I wondered what they were all saying about me back there. I started thinking maybe I was wrong, leaving so suddenly after that god dam little tiff with Stradlater. He’s really not a bad guy. In fact, I sort of missed him. I’ll give old Jane a bell tomorrow, if it’s not too crazy here. So I unpacked a few things in my room, and smoked all of my cigarettes. I was so god dam nervous. Around 7 o’clock, mom and dad walked in together. At the time, I was right there in the hallway, so they saw me right away. I really didn’t care if they yelled at me. I felt numb and empty inside. I was really hungry, but too worried to eat. If you want to know the truth, I was in pretty bad shape. Even though I changed and washed before mom and dad came home, I felt that I must have looked a state. I hadn’t shaved in a few days. Anyway, they looked all dressed up and nice when they came through the door. â€Å"Holden! What’s going on? What are you doing here? Its’ Tuesday†, my dad said. I took a deep breath, and then started coughing all over the place. Christ, what a time to have a coughing fit ey? I finally cleared my throat. â€Å"Well†, I said, â€Å"I†¦I got kicked out again. I’m really sorry† â€Å"Damn it, Holden! I can’t take it anymore!† Dad yelled. Mom had already started sobbing. I felt awful. Seeing Mom cry really killed me. â€Å"Holden, what the hell is wrong with you!? I paid a ton of money to send you to these schools and all you do is get kicked out every god dam time! I know you’re not stupid! You can pass these classes! I know it’s that you’re not applying yourself!† Boy was he mad. His face was all red, and all these veins were sticking out in his neck. I was kinda scared that he would hit me. We’re a pretty non-violent family. I was thinking about Allie the whole time Dad was yelling at me. I don’t know how long the whole thing lasted. â€Å"Damn it, Holden, you’ve really pushed my buttons this time! Look at how well DB and Phoebe are doing. Can’t you follow their lead?† Mom was just sobbing the whole time that the argument was going on. I started drifting off again, I thought about Mr. Antolini. I could be there now, having an intellectual conversation with him, smoking a cigarette. I kept thinking about him patting me on the head. Does he look at me as another son figure? Or does he have feelings for me? Or was he just really drunk? It didn’t seem right at all. When I got there, he should have noticed how tired I was and just let me sleep. So, Dad was kept on yelling at me and sent me to my room. I walked into my room, shut the door, and lay down on my bed again and lit a cigarette that I found in my hounds tooth jacket pocket. I hardly ever see Dad this mad. I heard my mom crying in their bedroom, and my father trying to comfort her. I started thinking of the military school. I knew I’d hate it there, even more than the other schools I’d been to. The next thing I knew, I was sort of crying. Normally I’m not a huge crier, but here I was, crying my god dam eyes out. I heard a little knock at the door, and old Phoebe came in. â€Å"I heard you crying, don’t worry Holden, everything will blow over†. She sat on the side of my bed and hugged me. Trust Phoebe to do something phony like that, but all the same, it was kinda cute. Phoebe went to bed at around 9 o’clock and I was still awake by 11. I couldn’t sleep. I felt kinda weak, and I kept coughing like a madman. That’s about it, that’s all I’m gonna tell you. I could go on and tell you about the military school and Phoebe and all. But I think I told too much already.

Foreshadows and Suspense the Lottery

Many of the seemingly innocuous details throughout â€Å"The Lottery† foreshadow the violent conclusion. In the second paragraph, children put stones in their pockets and make piles of stones in the town square, which seems like innocent play until the stones’ true purpose becomes clear at the end of the story. Tessie’s late arrival at the lottery instantly sets her apart from the crowd, and the observation Mr. Summers makes—â€Å"Thought we were going to have to get on without you†Ã¢â‚¬â€is eerily prescient about Tessie’s fate. When Mr. Summers asks whether the Watson boy will draw for him and his mother, no reason is given for why Mr.Watson wouldn’t draw as all the other husbands and fathers do, which suggests that Mr. Watson may have been last year’s victim. Jackson builds suspense in â€Å"The Lottery† by relentlessly withholding explanation and does not reveal the true nature of the lottery until the first stone hit s Tessie’s head. We learn a lot about the lottery, including the elements of the tradition that have survived or been lost. We learn how important the lottery is to the villagers, particularly Old Man Warner. We go through the entire ritual, hearing names and watching the men approach the box to select their papers.But Jackson never tells us what the lottery is about, or mentions any kind of prize or purpose. She begins to reveal that something is awry when the lottery begins and the crowd grows nervous, and she intensifies the feeling when Tessie hysterically protests Bill’s â€Å"winning† selection. And she gives a slight clue when she says that the villagers â€Å"still remembered to use stones. † But not until the moment when a rock actually hits Tessie does Jackson show her hand completely. By withholding information until the last possible second, she builds the story’s suspense and creates a shocking, powerful conclusion.

Equality of Condition Essay

In his book â€Å"democracy in America†, Alexis de Tocqueville provides a thorough study of the equality of condition as a distinctive feature of the democratic America and discusses some of the consequences it might have. He begins his writing by introducing the reader that during his stay in America the equality of condition struck his attention the most. In America, the democracy has reached another level that has never been seen before or experienced in any of the European countries but that are slowly progressing towards it. This level of democracy has created a society in which all persons are legally understood to be socially and politically equal. Despite all the benefits that the equality of condition brings to the society, it also tends to isolate people from one another and cut them off from the social beliefs and values. When this form of isolation is transformed into an extreme form of individualism, it creates selfishness and egoism among people. When these people come together to form a majority which in a democratic society enjoys a great amount of power, it might cause the tyranny of majority – de Tocqueville’s main concern. The concept of equality of condition is more complex than it first seems and a society based on this fact poses a threat to freedom. De Tocqueville argues that â€Å"the influence of the equality of condition extends far beyond the political character and the laws of the country and it has no less empire over the civil society than over the government, it creates opinions, gives birth to new sentiments, founds novel customs and modifies whatever it does not produce† (â€Å"Democracy in America† Heffner ed., 26). It is important to depict from this quote that a society based on the equality of condition, above all, creates the common opinion. In an equal society, the fact that all the members are resembled enables them to trust and support the common judgment and opinion. Furthermore, de Tocqueville argues that all the inhabitants of the democratic society are individually equal and independent to each other but if one individual alone tends to contrast the â€Å"totality of his fellows†, he will find himself insignificant and weak. Therefore in a democratic society, the public has, as de Tocqueville calls, â€Å"a singular power† where it enforces certain opinions and infuses such opinions in the intellect of their mind. Considering that in a democratic society, it is the majority that takes decisions, the public opinion will then become the law creating political omnipotence. Therefore, de Tocqueville claims that in the US the majority comes up with opinions and the individuals although they develop their personal thoughts have to adopt those that the majority offers since they, alone, are unable to contrast them. This, in turn, discourages and in a way prohibits them from developing their own intellectual thoughts. Thus, the equality of condition that gives rise to the majority opinion poses a great threat to the individual freedom of thought. During his stay in America, de Tocqueville discovered that the American people appeal only to their own individual effort of its own understanding. He has found that in America the tie which unites generation is broken and that nobody traces or cares about the ideas of their forefathers. In a society where everybody is equal and classes tend to disappear, no man can have an intellectual influence in the mind of another man since nobody looks at his fellows as being superior. Therefore, de Tocqueville argues that in a society based on the equality of condition, not only the trust of one man on another is destroyed but also the intellectual authority on any man. In absence of such intellectual authority, people develop their own believes and judgments within themselves different from the rest of the society. In the absence of an intellectual trustworthy authority capable of imposing social beliefs and values, people are left to seek the truth alone and when they fail to do so or such truth is against their personal judgment, they simply ignore it. Thus, an equally conditioned society tends to isolate people from one another and cut them off from a common set of social beliefs and values. This isolation that results from the equality of condition has dangerous consequences if it reaches extreme levels which de Tocqueville calls individualism. As a result of the individualism, the selfishness and the egoism of people will be born. The egoism and selfishness cause people in this society to develop a love for material gratification a love for richness. They want to acquire everything for themselves even if it is done in the expense of other people. Furthermore, according to de Tocqueville, these individuals do not change their character as they unite with each other or grow in number. In fact, they tend to enforce those selfish opinions but on a greater scale. The majority they create will then act as one selfish individual and in a pure democratic society is given the power to make laws and take decisions on behalf of everybody. Therefore, such a majority consisting of egoist people who fulfill their needs and greed in the expense of the other people composing a minority creates the tyranny of majority. In a democratic society, the ultimate reason that the tyranny of majority occurs, is the individualism which separates people from each other and from the social values and beliefs and allows people to establish selfish opinions that hurt the other people. Therefore, de Tocqueville argues that the establishment of â€Å"family†, â€Å"religion† and â€Å"patriotism† are necessary protections against such tyranny because they bring people together and enforce on them social and moral values. Families bind people together and connect them with each other. Members of the family are taught to sacrifice some of their personal gratification for his ancestors and descendants. Therefore, the establishments of families attempt to fight the selfishness that individualism has created. The members of the family in their childhood are taught morals and social values. The elderly in the family can influence the young ones because they are perceived to have some intellectual authority. Therefore, the family brings people close to each other, where one member of the family cares about the others, and to the social values avoiding the isolation. Patriotism also fights the selfishness and brings people together. De Tocqueville sees patriotism as one citizen making a personal sacrifice for the greater welfare of the public. He also argues that in a patriotic society people do not fail to faithfully support each other. A patriotic person believes that it is his duty to make himself useful to other fellow citizens. Therefore, patriotism also creates a strong community where the members care about one another. It breaks the isolation and consequently the individualism that the equality of condition creates. Religion also brings people close to each other and to the social and moral values. De Tocqueville argues that every religion places the object of men’s desire above any treasurer in the earth. Every religion imposes duties on men towards his fellow citizens and draws him away from the contemplation of himself. Furthermore, the main concern of religion is to purify and restrict the excessive and exclusive taste for well being which men in the periods of equality wishes. Man cannot be cured by the love of the riches but they may be persuaded to enrich themselves by none but honest means (â€Å"Democracy in America† Heffner ed., 152). Thus, religion serves as a superior intellectual authority which brings people together to each other and also enforces on them moral values that people abide to. In essence it fights both the isolation and the selfishness of people. The â€Å"family†, â€Å"patriotism† and â€Å"religion† fulfill the absence of a superior intellectual authority, create a strong community and bring people close to the social and moral values which lack in an egalitarian society. De Tocqueville emphasizes the importance of associations in a democratic society. In his opinion an association consists of a group people united by a common interest and who agree to promote their ideas in a certain manner. Simply, associations guide a group of people with divergent minds towards achieving a specific end. In order for an association to exist it has to have the liberty to create an opinion and the freedom to meet which a democratic society grants to them. De Tocqueville distinguishes between two types of associations; the political association and the civic association. The political association besides having the two liberties mentioned above, they also have the liberty to unite into electoral bodies and chose their representatives. A political association acts as a government within a government where the delegates of the association represent the collective force of their party just like the delegates of the majority. The civic associations include a large number of organizations starting from building inns, churches, schools and hospitals. While the political associations have one major goal that they try to achieve by electing delegates; the civic associations are less formal, include a larger number and attempt to improve the social life in the society. Political associations are sometimes used to organize revolutions like those in Europe whereas the civic associations are voluntarily created and peaceful in their nature. The political associations are similar to the political parties today who elect their delegates and compete for offices. The civic associations are very similar to the interest groups where a group of people form an organization and express their point of view in certain issues and attempt to influence those who already occupy offices. The civic associations like the interest groups include a greater variety of interests. De Tocqueville goes further to argue that the political and civic associations are necessary to retain an active community life in a democratic society. De Tocqueville argues that in a democratic society all the citizens are independent and feeble and they, alone, cannot do anything and cannot oblige another person to assist them. They all become powerless if they do not learn to help each other voluntarily. If they do not form associations, which are simply artificial ways of binding people, they might preserve their wealth but their independence as well as their civilization will be in jeopardy. Furthermore, in a democratic society, as I have discussed earlier, people tend to get isolated from tone another. Therefore, since civic associations are very diverse, they are necessary to voluntarily bring people together and create ties among them. Thus, they are crucial to retain an active sense of community life. The political and civic associations are very important in a democratic society in the attempt to avoid the tyranny of the majority. The minorities can create political associations and elect their delegates in order to directly fight the oppressive laws created by the majority. The civic associations can also be used by minorities to create a larger group and then together voice their opinion. The associations are also used to bring people together and avoid the creation of individualism which is very likely in a society based on the equality of condition. Political and civic associations are, therefore, necessary schools for democracy because they teach us how to avoid the tyranny of majority in advanced democracies. De Tocqueville’s philosophy is still relevant for our own time. Nowadays, the political and civic associations play a very important role in creating communities. As countries become more democratic, the number of associations in those countries increases because people as individuals become powerless and they are unable to defend their beliefs on their own. Today, the political and civic associations are very common and much more active that they have ever been. The political and civic associations enable people to unite and become active members of the society. As people join different organizations, they agree to help and support other fellow citizens. People unite and form associations because they have strong feelings for a cause they fight although such a cause might not directly affect them. Therefore, political and civic associations tend to correct and remove selfishness from the people. The existence of a large number of associations is the reason why we have not exp erienced the tyranny of majority although a number of countries have reached advanced levels of democracy.

Environmental Health Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Environmental Health Assessment - Essay Example The hydrocarbon wastes emitted by the oil refineries can do immense damage to the biological systems situated in their vicinity (Jahdali, 2008, p.34). The environmental pollution caused by the oil refineries has a broad scope that involves an above average level of pollutants in the air, large scale contamination of the soil and the above average contamination of the underground and above ground water resources (Jahdali, 2008, p.34). The gravest risk to the residents living in the neighborhoods like Torrance, which lie in the vicinity of a proposed petroleum refinery, will come from the utterly polluted air (Jahdali, 2008, p.35). The emissions from most of the oil refineries contain large amounts of sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, and heavy metals like zinc, lead, cadmium, besides loads of other pollutants like toluene, phenol and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Jahdali, 2008, p.35). Sulfur dioxide is the primary pollutant emitted by the oil refineries that gets accumulated in the lower layers of atmospheric air. Rainfall and humidity cause this toxic gas to precipitate and settle down in the surrounding soil (Jahdali, 2008, p.35). Eventually this pollutant gets absorbed by the plants including the fruits and vegetables growing in the area. Sulfur dioxide has been known to cause a range of ailments like lung cancer, allergic rhinitis, lung inflammations and a number of other respiratory and cardiovascular diseases (Opera and Mihul, 2003, p.84). The damage caused by sulfur dioxide to the people living in the vicinity of the oil refineries comes from two sources i.e. through long term inhalation of the poll uted air and through the food chain. Besides sulfur dioxide, the other pollutants emitted by the petroleum refineries are also known to cause many debilitating and sometimes incurable diseases. Another potential risk to the people living around the oil refineries comes from asbestos that is widely used for insulation in the oil refineries. Thus not only the workers employed in the petroleum refineries get exposed to asbestos, but the people living around such facilities do get to inhale asbestos particles emitted by them. Asbestos has been known to cause pleural mesotheliomas and is a medically proven carcinogenic substance (You Claim, 2002). The threat caused by asbestos emissions from the petroleum refineries is particularly pertinent in the case of the US, which has nearly 150 petroleum refineries scattered across 32 states. Besides, various scientific studies have established beyond doubt that the children living in proximity to industrial pollutants face severe problems related to academic and physical growth (Krisberg, 2006, p.3). Exposure to air pollutants emitted by facilities like petroleum refineries has been known to cause augmented instances of Preterm Delivery in the residents living around them (Leem, et al., 2006, p.1). As per a British medical study, rampant instances of childhood leukemia were noticed near petroleum refineries and oil storage installations (Gilman, 1997, p.156). It is imperative that the health hazards associated with

Should Teenagers be subject to the Death Penalty Research Paper

Should Teenagers be subject to the Death Penalty - Research Paper Example Hence, the idea of death penalty as a deterrent to crime becomes quite controversial. Most of the countries have ceased applying death sentences to deter crime. Today, more than half of the nations across the world have stopped death penalty either by rule or through practice. They have reported that death sentence is not a solution to deter crime. The social and economic environment of the criminal directs crime. The first nations to have put an end to capital punishment were Venezuela, San Marino, and Costa Rica in the mid-nineteenth century. Other countries like Yugoslavia, Montenegro Serbia, Turkey and Chile have also abolished death penalties from 2000. Executions are prevalent in China, Saudi Arabia and the United States of America. (The European Union is united against Capital Punishment, 2007). The sentencing of youths who have been convicted of violent crimes to execution again depends on the extent of atrocity of the crime. The Juvenile Courts have long protected most of th e young offenders from the full-fledged application of criminal law and have also allowed them to enjoyment of their special rights and immunities. The special rights mainly include protection from publicity, imprisonment only to 21 years of age, no imprisonment with adults, and shelter from the consequences of adult punishment like the loss of civil entitlements, the exercise of adjudication against the juvenile convict in the following proceedings and debarment from public employment. The reason for drafting such rights and immunities is to provide the young convict with guidance and rehabilitation so as to ensure the child’s future as well as the protection of the society. Nevertheless, there are some youngsters who are extremely perilous and do not respond to efforts taken to reform them. The use of death penalty under such circumstances would actually depend on the nature of the crime and on the mental state of the offender. However, giving another scope to the youth to rectify and straighten oneself out is desirable (Laurence and Scott, 2003, pp. 1009-1018). Human rights groups have constantly argued against the death penalty inflicted upon a juvenile offender on the grounds of immaturity and vulnerability of impulse. This has especially taken a positive turn after the mentally retarded people were barred from such penalties (Bender, 2002, p. 20). Public consensus already has spoken against the death penalty for juvenile offenders. For instance, a Chicago survey of 2001 showed that while 62 percent favored death penalty for capital crimes, only 34 percent support the same for the teenagers under 18 years of age. The present research centers on the death penalty inflicted upon teenagers and attempts to argue against the moral and practical viability of such steps taken. B. Problem Statement and Purpose The execution or imposition of death penalty on offenders with mental retardation is against the prohibition of â€Å"cruel and unusual punishmentà ¢â‚¬  as enforced by the Constitution. The three states of US, Texas, Oklahoma and Virginia have carried out 82 percent of all the death penalties in the nation (American Bar Association, 2004, p. 2). Human rights groups and the director of Amnesty International argue that even the imposition of death penalty on teenage offenders was unconstitutional. Hence death penalty might lead to contradiction of human rights especially in case of children or teenagers despite the adults who might be responsible for the actions of the vulnerable,

The Grammar of Hip-hop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Grammar of Hip-hop - Essay Example The hip-hop dance had become very famous among American boys and was making roots in the minds of European youngsters. The years 1983 and 1984 saw a change in the outlook of teen agers and pre-teenagers of European countries. The reason behind could be youngsters’ desire to show their masculinity, which was not coming out in the absence of traditional repertoires of western societies. It allowed them to show off their physical prowess and masculine attitude through hip-hop dance forms. Popping and break-dance became very popular at the end of 70s. It was an obsession with pre-teen and teen age children particularly boys , as â€Å"popping† and â€Å"breaking† provided a medium to exhibit their hidden energy, aggression and masculinity. Hip-hop spread from America to European countries, which was electric in itself in attaining all the paraphern anguage high school based in southwestern Ontario, Canada glimpses the lives of a group of continental Francophone Afric an youths along with their social identity. Not only their refugee status mattered to them but also their experiences on gender and race played alia like â€Å"right† music, clothes – was well supported by mass media and guest appearances from America. One can see the repetition of this hip-hop cultural identity in the body language of ethnic groups – their subjectivities and wants in semiological languages: dress code, body, architecture and photography. A research in an urban, French l an important part in how they identified with the society.

Critically evaluate the case for the United Nations in the Essay

Critically evaluate the case for the United Nations in the twenty-first century - Essay Example Fourthly, the paper will look into the Rwandan genocide, which is termed as the greatest failure of the United Nations. Subsequently, the paper will also assess the UN’s involvement in provision of asylum for the ever-rising number of refugees in Africa. Lastly, the paper will conclude by a brief summary of the United Nations’ overall functions in attainment of its goals. However, United Nations just like any other organization is prone to glitches, especially when those running the show refuse to prioritize the organization’s core objectives. The UN (United Nations) was founded in 1945 October 24th by 51 states dedicated to maintaining peace via international collaboration and joint security. Currently, almost every state globally, is a member of UN. The UN (United Nations) has 6 main structures. The General Assembly is a parliament of states that meets often and in distinct conferences to envision the globe's most critical problems. The Security Council prime d uty is to maintain international security and peace. The Economic and Social Council, underneath the total power of the General Assembly, directs the social and economic work of the United Nations. ... Following an era of unsuccessful peacekeeping undertakings around Africa at the culmination of the 20th century, the UN (United Nations) has been obligated to re-assess its task as a global establishment for conflict resolve. In the freshly reformulated AU (African Union), the United Nations appears to have established a dependable regional confederate to aid and share the responsibility of peacekeeping upon the continent. Nevertheless, while joint peace enforcement initiatives amid the United Nations and regional allies are progressively sought as keys for culminating several of Africa’s most wicked wars. One has to doubt whether there exists an even-handed distribution of duties between establishments, or whether the United Nations is permitting its enthusiastic counterparts to embark on the dangerous duties of peacekeeping without the necessary logistical and financial backing in return (Baylis 2011). The post-Cold Warfare era was a phase of critical learning for the UN. In a progressively complex global security background, where traditional methods of brokering reconciliation were not sufficient for culminating chaotic internal intra-state skirmishes, the United Nations was enforced to re-assess its function as an international peace enforcement establishment. Stinging let-downs in nations like Somalia, Angola and Rwanda were ample to drive the blue helmets flinching from the Africa continent, hesitant to impulsively enter into engagements where peace is required to be vigorously enforced, not just held. Certainly, even a report by Brahimi issued in 2000, and broadly viewed as an important account of the United Nations’ challenges and progress steering into the 21st era acknowledge this. Brahimi

Contribution of study to the market segmentation and product Essay

Contribution of study to the market segmentation and product differentiation debate - Essay Example Contribution of study to the market segmentation and product differentiation debate For example Unilever Company gets it easy to market its products due the nature of branding it imposes .As explained in the international market; there is a need for good brand so as to get the best market for the named product. Hence the above case study argues very little on the issue of the Brand value. Contribution of study to the market segmentation and product differentiation debate Market segmentation ifs the process by which the market is subdivided in the way that the goods can reach the consumers at all corners of the named region in any type of a business. This means that its aim is to bring the product at any point. The product differentiation is where by certain product is designed in a way to make it different from other products of the same class so as to outfit the other products in the market (Ronkainen 2007). The product can be differentiated through branding or even packaging. In this study the issue of decentralization whose main aim is to ensure that each consume r gets what he/she needs gives an insight to the debate of market segmentation hence it is well catered for in this case study. The two terms as described above are very important in the international market. Free trade has the advantages that it leads to a variety supply of goods to the consumers hence creation of competition avenue which helps the consumers to get good prices on the goods they buy (Ronkainen 2007). The disadvantage of this is that the many goods from outside the country may be dumped which will affect the market of the importing country negatively. Protectionism has the advantage of protecting the market of the companies so as not to be affected by the cheap goods from other countries .The disadvantage of this is that the country will mainly rely on the own goods and this may lead to insufficiency in case a very high demand arises or the country’s producing companies becomes slow in production. Case study 3 The implications for a multinational company registered in New Zealand seeking to open a subsidiary company in Brazil The implication that may follow is that the company will improve on its accrued profit (Ronkainen 2007). This is because there is little indiv idualism in Brazil as compared to New Zealand hence the company would not have any kind of discrimination .The effect of individualism

EDLE 636 - Assignment 1 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

EDLE 636 - Assignment 1 - Research Paper Example Human beings must be stewards of each other and safeguard the available resources so that future generations can enjoy it. Pastoral care is founded deep into their identity founded on a mutual relationship of profound respect. The Catholic identity utilises a variety of symbols, rituals and actions that are all used to express the various sacraments. In Australia, Catholics remain around one quarter of the population. There is a grounded belief that God is full of surprises and as such, people must strive to protect the catholic identity and learn from previous mistakes. Often, secularists have tried to remove religion from the public domain to private life in order to make it another area for consumer choice. Catholics do not believe in individual choices that reflect personal preferences unrelated to the truth as realized on their stand on the contraceptive pill and the post-war immigration. The contraceptive pill brought about a social revolution in the Western world. This was linked to the hope that abortion rates would fall drastically and children would only be conceived when it was convenient. This pill however simply liberated sexual activity from procreation making it a recreational right for adults. It has escalated divorce rates separating children from the ones they love. It is for these reasons that the Catholic identity has distanced itself from the use of contraceptives because of its belief that sexual activity should be a pure affair between a man and his wife. The Catholic identity believes in sacraments that are meant to allow a person realize in word and deed, the message of Gods Kingdom within itself. It proposes universality and inclusiveness in understanding Gods word. It takes Jesus as its exemplar and guide drawing inspiration from the life, death and resurrection of Jesus. That Catholic identity respects all life as being equally precious in the eyes of God and invites all to

H.W Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

H.W - Essay Example He further oversees the training and creating of awareness to other employees. 3. The control perimeters and the isolation zones need to well aerated and spacious to enable the affected victims gain fresh air as well as enough space to rest before they are taken for further medical check-up. 4. The process used by my department in the establishment of initial command and operations at a hazmat incident include on-scene response by the hazmat management officers through provision of technical help and advice on further treatment of the situation. The officers are able to conduct offensive-control actions such as hot-zone entry for stabilization and confinement of the products. 5. The shape of the container defines the type of risk that is associated with a given product. Different ranges of chemicals are contained in different types of container so as to avoid any form of confusion that may arise thus minimizing the risks that may arise careless handling of the product. Silhouetting exposes the characteristics of the material and not its contents. 7. The department has devised several means of handling unknown substances which include proper identification of the nature of the substances as well as handling them with necessary precautions. Factors that will assist in accurate determination is to consider substance qualities such as density, color smell and the melting and boiling points. The density, color and smell of the unknown substance can then be compared with other known substance. 8. The hazard and risk assessment is performed by first of all assuming that any mixture of chemicals is more toxic in comparison to other chemicals. All new components and unknown substances need to be considered as toxic before they are subjected to any form of tests. The manner in which the chemical is put into use must also be taken into consideration. 9. The department’s respiratory

Your Privacy on Facebook Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Your Privacy on Facebook - Case Study Example He states that eighty five percent of the users agreed to the public use of Facebook. He goes and explains further, that the change in the world requirements motivated the change (Rainer, 2008). The new changes in Facebook privacy settings have made the use simpler as compared to the old settings. The reduction in the number of settings has made it easy and clear for the use to comprehend. One of the important features that Facebook has is that the user controls the privacy settings of the viewers of ones content. The feature allows one to define the contents depending on whether one wants the friends or the business audience to view certain content of information. With the new settings, the user will have to pay attention to the default settings making the one responsible for the posts. Previously, many users used the default settings, which did not require any customization (Rainer, 2008). The new settings intend to have the users produce additional private data to the public. The new settings tend to allow sharing information to everybody in the network. Despite encouraging people to set the advanced settings according to their wish, the default settings tend to remain operational. Facebook, pushes the users to use the "everyone" button to allow sharing of information worldwide. With this in place, it would undermine the privacy issues that Facebook began in the beginning. It would no longer have enough privacy for any data shared. In addition, users would find themselves sharing more than they intend to share. The "recommended " settings availed by Facebook mislead people as the users do not look into the features closely and examine the content (Rainer, 2008). Conveying information should not lead to violating someones privacy. Social sites have in possession private information that they have to protect. Sharing of private information is violating privacy laws. In as much as organisation that deals with sharing information have the right to

Obesity and the Media Essay Example for Free

Obesity and the Media Essay Although advertisers and the media have a huge impact on the issue of childhood obesity, the parents have the final call on what their children eat and don’t eat. It is the parents who give in to their children’s whining and give them what they want just to please them. Childhood obesity starts when the children are old enough to realize that they can get their way when they cry for something. It is the parents’ responsibility to lead by example and teach their children healthy eating habits at a young age. If the parents have unhealthy eating habits and include fast food and fried food in their diet on a regular basis, it is likely that their children will do the same. Kids will get accustomed to eating whatever is made available for them in their home. It is the parents’ job to provide healthy snack options so that their children can get used to healthy habits at early ages. When children are first attracted to the fast food ads at a very young age, it is often because they are attracted to the toys such as the ones offered in â€Å"happy meals.† Another reason why fast food is so popular is because it is a quick and easy meal when people are busy or don’t feel like cooking dinner. My solution to these issues would be to create a fast food chain that offered healthier options. That way, when people want to drive through and order something quick, they would be able to do so while still eating healthy. These restaurants would also offer children’s meals that include a toy, which would promote staying active, and eating healthy. The advertisement that I created is for a healthy fast food restaurant called Chick-A-Dees. This restaurant would offer all natural foods, rather than deep-fried options. The ad uses bright colors and cartoon characters to get children’s attention. It also promises a toy with every kid’s meal and advertises a jungle gym for kids to play on when they come to the restaurant. If restaurants opened that made healthy food seem exciting and fun to kids, they would definitely be more likely to want to try it or even like it. The advertising of toys that are included in kids’ meals at fast food restaurants is a main reason that young kids want to go to these places. However, there are many other toys for children that are advertised on television everyday, which encourage unhealthy eating habits. Among these are: the Easy Bake Oven, Popcorn Basketball, Smores Stick, Marshmallow Gun, Girls Gourmet Candy Jewel Factory Oven, 1000 Piece Candy Jigsaw, Counting Cookies, Mix and Match Doughnuts, and McDonalds Drive Through Food Cart. (The Toy Zone) All of these toys cause children to associate unhealthy eating with fun, which is a main contributing factor to the issue of childhood obesity. The KidsHealth article makes a great point about how parents need to act as role models and demonstrate to their kids proper serving size, how to enjoy treats in moderation, and exercising regularly. This is so true; bad habits start when the child is very young, and over time they become more difficult to squash. The article mentions some habits that parents should get their kids used to such as: have regular family meals, serve a variety of healthy foods and snacks, be a role model by eating healthy yourself, avoid battles over food, and involve kids in the process. Regular family meals have a huge impact on preventing unhealthy eating habits. If the family makes it their goal to sit down for dinner together even 4 days a week, it would make all the difference. As the article titled Childhood Obesity states, â€Å"children are getting more of their food away from home.† Making family meals a regular part of the routine would prevent the family from turning to the easy option of fast food, or eating out at restaurants where they serve countless courses and portions that are much to big for one sitting. The KidsHealth website also suggests that parents stock up on healthy foods. Having fattening or sugary snacks available for kids to snack on when they’re hungry will only add to the issue. There are plenty of healthy and organic snacks that are really tasty also, and if kids get used to eating them while they’re young, they will never know the difference. Making sure your child has breakfast is also an important factor to a healthy diet, as stated in Childhood Obesity. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day and necessary for a healthy metabolism. The article pretty much covers all the issues and solutions that I would like to obesity in children. If I were to add something to it I would say that it is so important that parents are involved in their child’s life. This gets even more important as they grow into teens, so it should start when they are children. Parents should know if the child is having problems in school, trouble making friends, being bullied, etc. All of these issues can contribute to the child turning to food for comfort. Another idea that the article didn’t mention is parents buying their children toys that encourage healthy activity rather than laziness or unhealthy eating. Instead of buying a videogame or and Easy Bake Oven for example, get them things to play their favorite sport with. If the child isn’t into sports, and would rather play video games, encourage active games like Wii Fit or Dance games. Getting involved in the activity is a great way to encourage it. I don’t think that the media has exaggerated the issue of childhood obesity in our society. It is a huge problem and we see it everyday, no matter where we are. The media needs to start promoting less of the unhealthy habits and show more advertisements for healthy eating and games and toys that involve activity. In order to prevent obesity and diseases that are linked to it, parents must encourage and demonstrate healthy eating habits as well as teaching their children to stay active. The prevention must start when the child is young, and remain steady and continuous as they grow. http://www.aspe.hhs.gov/health/reports/child_obesity/ http://www.thetoyzone.com/2010/15-toys-that-will-make-your-children-fat/

Applications of Reference Checks in Selection Process

Applications of Reference Checks in Selection Process Discuss the reasons for carrying out reference checks and the effective ways to conduct it during the selection process. Based on numerous assessment methods available on hiring employees, reference checks are deemed vital as it is seen as a powerful tool that generates and gathers useful reports of knowledge on any applicant’s previous working history in terms of their accomplishment and history. A successful reference guiding process depends almost heavily on the principle which is based on behavioral consistency. This simply is because it is believed to be the most reliable principle based on analyzing and forecasting the future behavior of applicants in terms of job performance and also based on previous behavioral working history. Not only does this method guarantees choosing future candidates with a strong background of history in terms of previous history of job-related performances, referencing checking aids managers to determine and exclude future candidates that are known to have histories of inappropriate and unacceptable workplace related behaviors. References that are properly condu cted according to standard operating procedures aid organizationsin verifying successful job predictions and determining the right qualifications that helps put everything in place in order to make sure the selected organization manages to get the right person to fill in the job vacancy. This is important as by failing to obtain the right future employee will result in a lot of lost in terms of finance, time and the fact of maybe having to face a lawsuit for dismissing the candidate prematurely. A reference check which is well structured is a well-organized evaluation of a candidates previous job work-related performances. This is based upon exchanging dialogs with previous co-workers of the future candidate. Like any other pre-employment interviews, reference checking is at its optimum levels when it is coordinated to be structured perfectly along with the integration of thoughts into the potential hiring process. A well-structured check is almost a hundred percent, if not more successful than carrying out an informal conversation with the candidate’s previous co-workers. This is because it helps to gather useful information that will boost the hiring manager’s confidence based upon the results that he or she will obtain and at the same time, a well-organized referencing check will help to enhance any legal dispute that may occur in the near future. The following are the multiple options that can be structured besides the standard ‘having a casual conver sation’ .This can be shaped to be a successful tool that can easily be made to assess candidates with ease. But before that, what are some of the purposes of having to conduct references check you may ask? Well, one of the most important steps of planning process is to determine various purpose of having a reference check. This will help in 2 major ways; Firstly, this will help aid the various types of information that needs to be collected and stored and secondly, the process that will be conducted in order to obtain it . The data that is collected from reference checks may ultimately serve three different means. First and foremost, it helps to verify the truth behind the initial information that has been given by the candidates during their interview, on their application forms and lastly on their resume. Next, the data collected by reference checks helps in unveiling signs of undesirable and unacceptable previous history of behavioral work pattern. Last but not least, this method helps to determine the amount of development that the future candidate may require in terms of setting up future extra training to help fill in the ‘training-gap’ in order for the candidate to help achieve the goals and vision of the hiring organization. Now, back to the examples of various means of reference checks; Job related, the aim is to concentrate on the candidate’s abilities to perform the task and job that are stated along the lines from the statement of merit criteria. Organizing the check over this criterion gives a more detailed forecast of future job abilities .Observation, any information that is going to be provided by a referee has to be based on experience or observation or previously working with the candidate. This allows the referee to utilize his experience to further support the candidate by commenting on the abilities and performance of the candidate from their previous job. Standardize, A set of standard equal questions are asked toward all referees in all appointment procedures. This method ensures that there is a fair ‘playing field’ for all candidates and that they are respected and treated as one, equally. Behavioral focused, Almost all reference checks becomes more liberal and any jud gementing errors are greatly reduced simply by focusing on behaviors that are work-related. By asking proper questions and differentiating proper information with skills ensures that any fraudulent image pictured by the candidates is gunned down. Legal Defense, This has developed to become one of the greatest aspect that should be considered by all firms simply to be at the right side of the law and to be protected just incase of any unforeseen circumstances in the future. A detailed and proper reference check will help enable any organization to ensure that they uphold the requirements met by the government in their respective region. Reference checking is deemed as one of the final steps before actually considering hiring an actual candidate and it is important if not more important compared to the previous steps of the initial selection stages. It is vital that the outcome of this step is dealt directly with the ability of the candidate to perform the job required to do accordingly. It is important to plan basic questions that will allow you to ask the referee of the applicants and questions that will be directed directly to the applicants as well. Moreover, if the organization is dealing with more than 1 candidate, then specific questions should be prepared before hand as it will help to clarify any problems specifically towards each and every candidate respectively. As always, it is always better to prepare beforehand so that the time is saved and everything is checked before making the final decision. In order to conduct a proper standard of record keeping, its almost advisable to create a reference form that will include the name of the interviewer, the name of the candidate, the time and date , position that the applicant is applying for and last but not least, their previous workplace name. A standard set of questions should be included as well and the form should have sufficient space for addition notes that you will take down during their response to the questions that will be asked. One of the effective ways to conduct referencing checks is to conduct an interview with the potential candidates. Questions should be asked like they are asked in any other interviews regarding their pass experiences, ask questions regarding to their ability of carrying out the job given, their general thoughts on the job ,the output that they are willing to commit to , the ability to work with other employees regardless of their gender or race, their ability to get along with higher ranked employees who might not be easy going etc. Bear in mind that the reason is to extract vital information from the potential candidate. A clear picture of the candidate’s strengths and weakness should be gathered as the interview is conducted in order to finalized the referencing check. A referee that is brought in maybe interviewed as well in order to get a clear picture of the candidate’s pass job related experience and behavior. Another common step in conducting a referencing check is by verifying their education background. If the job scope requires a candidate with a strong education background, then it is almost required to firstly, contact the school register system in order to verify the validity of the certification. Next, it is important to contact the university or college of the candidate to verify their higher education degree. The last step to conduct a successful referencing checks is to hire an investigation team to conduct a criminal record search on the potential candidate. As mentioned earlier, a job with a higher job scope that will allow future employees to deal directly with customers definitely requires a proper security. Any applicant to the desired job should be required to sign off a waiver of any claims regarding the final outcome of the investigation. If say the background check comes back positive, then it should be forwarded to the organization’s legal counsel team for them to determine if the candidate is fit for the job or n ot . To summarize it, I feel that the importance of conducting referencing checks during any selection process is extremely vital. Not only will this allow any organization to employ the most suitable candidates for the job posting but it will help to prevent any organization from losing money in terms of facing law suits or time , in terms of conducting extra unnecessary training to fill In the training gaps that are require to carry out the initial job postings. There are several issues regarding this step in recent days and one of the main factors is that former employees especially in developed countries are almost reluctant to comment on their previous workers as they fear facing potential lawsuits. I believe, that in order to get the perfect candidate for the job, smaller companies , or in fact companies that works around their clients hand-in-hand which requires employees to enter their home , office etc. ( as in technicians, teachers , etc ) should consider outsourcing their refer ence checks to external companies in order for their future employees to be checked thoroughly from every aspect.

Characteristics Of Vapour Compression Refrigeration Cycles Engineering Essay

Characteristics Of Vapour Compression Refrigeration Cycles Engineering Essay This project is a study on a performance of a Vapor Compression Refrigeration System VCRC. The performance of this type of refrigeration system is being investigated by using different type of expansion valves or also known as throttling valves. I am using three types of valves upon conducting this study which are thermostatic expansion valve, capillary tube expansion valve and constant-pressure expansion valve. Performance of refrigeration systems will be investigated on two kind of surrounding which are closed and open surrounding. A light bulb will act as a heating load which will increase the inlet temperature of air on evaporation. This project also discuss about the ideal application of each type of expansion valves. Which mean, where, when and what application the three types of expansion valves should be used for a better result. Refrigeration is the action of cooling, and in practices this requires removal of heat and discarding it at higher temperature. Therefore, refrigeration is a science of moving heat from low temperature region to the high temperature region. Refrigeration can be defined as a process of achieving and maintaining a temperature below that of the surroundings, with the aim to cool some product or space to the required temperature. The most important applications of refrigeration are the preservation of perishable food products. Refrigeration systems also used for providing thermal comfort to human beings by using air conditioning. Air Conditioning refers to the treatment of air so as to simultaneously control its temperature, moisture content, cleanliness, odor and circulation, as required by occupants, a process, or products in the space. The subject of refrigeration and air conditioning has evolved out of human need for food and comfort, and its history dates back to centuries. In refrigeration system, heat must be removed from the space area specifically the goods or matter we need to cool and released to the environment. Nature of heat movement is, heat always moves from the hotter to the colder space. To transfer heat from hot region to cold region, special device is required. The device is called Refrigerator. Refrigerator is a cyclic device and it is using a fluid called refrigerant as a working fluid. As known there are two common methods for refrigeration which are natural and mechanical. In natural refrigeration, ice is used to generate a circulation of air around the blocks of ice. Therefore some of the heat from the circulating air is transferred to the ice thus cooling the air. This method particularly used in air conditioning application. As in mechanical refrigeration, refrigerant is used as a working fluid. Refrigerant is a substance that is capable to transfer heat that it absorbs at low temperatures and pressures to a condensing medium. Refrigerator is an example of mechanical refrigeration. In a refrigerator, coolant is cooled in a condenser; from there it flow to the evaporator, where air is cooled by contact with the coil. Figure : Example of Refrigerator [ ©2006 Publications International, Ltd.] Types of refrigeration cycle Vapor Compression Refrigeration System Vapor compression refrigeration system is the most common refrigeration system used nowadays. In vapor compression refrigeration cycle (VCRC), there are four major thermal process take place which is expansion, evaporation, compression and condensation. In all practical applications, the actual VCRC is lower than the ideal cycle. This caused by several factors such as friction losses, heat exchanges between parts on the system and pressure drops in suction and discharge lines. http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT-X7cy0Nn5FpUh23SVRaPzAFG_o0lp2WxOEMmReUZSPjiYERUt=1usg=__BGAiwbpSspuI0lSI-ZibGb3mh0Q= Figure : Single stage VCRC [The Full wiki/ refrigeration cycle] Based on Figure 2, compression process is done on compressor followed by condensation process on condenser, expansion process on expansion valve and lastly evaporation process on evaporator. Compression Process on Compressor Low-pressure vapor of refrigerant enters the compressor and then being compressed and moved to condenser as a high-pressure vapor (superheated). Condensation Process on Condenser The superheated vapor of refrigerant is then travels through the condenser  which first cools and removes the superheat and then condenses the vapor refrigerant into a liquid refrigerant by removing additional heat at constant pressure and temperature. Expansion Process on expansion Valve The liquid refrigerant is then goes through the  expansion valve  which is also known as throttling valve where its pressure will abruptly decreases, causing  flash evaporation  and auto-refrigeration of, typically, less than half of the liquid. By undergoing expansion process, mixture of liquid and vapor refrigerant is produced at low temperature and pressure. Evaporation Process on Evaporator The cold liquid-vapor refrigerant is then travels through the evaporator coil or tubes and it is completely vaporized by cooling the warm air (from the space being refrigerated) and being blown by a fan across the evaporator coil or tubes. The resulting refrigerant vapor returns to the compressor inlet to complete the thermodynamic cycle. Vapor compression refrigeration system using high-grade energy such as mechanical work. It has more noise and wear is possible to occur in the compressor since moving parts is placed there. Coefficient of performance, COP of VCRC will decrease if the pressure of the evaporator decreases. Performance of VCRC is adversely affected at partial load. Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System  uses a heat source such as solar and kerosene-fueled flame to provide the energy needed to drive the cooling system. Vapor absorption Refrigeration system is a popular alternative to regular  compressor refrigerators  where electricity is unreliable, costly, or unavailable, where noise from the compressor is problematic, or where surplus heat is available such as from turbine exhaust or industrial processes. Absorption refrigerators powered by heat from the  combustion  of  liquefied petroleum gas  are often used for food storage in  recreational vehicles. There are two type of vapor absorption refrigeration system that is single-effect and double effect. Single-effect absorption system is using neither ammonia or water while double-effect absorption system uses lithium bromide or water. Since the presence of ammonia or lithium bromide directly into a confined space which is full of human is dangerous, vapor absorption system which used this material should be placed outside the building to be cooled. However, vapor absorption that using ammonia or lithium bromide is not practical to be used on a building since it is impossible to pipe this material into the building. Therefore all absorption cycle equipment is then designed to chill water which is then piped into the building. The chilled water is piped through to fan coil units in each of the conditioned spaces. The application of vapor absorption system using water is therefore well suited to multiple room systems or large spaces requiring air conditioning. This is because absorption chillers are a well-established technology that can offer considerable advantages over conventional, mechanically driven, vapor compression chillers.   Absorption cycle is using a fluid pair rather than using a mechanically driven or an electrically powered compressor to be function. The absorption cooling cycle is driven by the heat source, such as gas burner, steam or hot water. This heat source is used to boil and drive the refrigerant out of the refrigerant/absorbent mixture. This mixture is normally termed solution.   The refrigerant is then going through a condenser to remove the latent heat of condensation, thus returning the refrigerant into liquid form. The refrigerant is then passed to the evaporator where evaporation process draws heat from the recirculating chilled water. The resulting vapor from the evaporator is attracted and absorbed by the absorbent solution to complete the cycle. In effect, the mechanical compressor of a conventional vapor compression cycle has been substituted with a chemical pump driven by heat. http://www.acr-news.com/news/images/651_2.jpg Figure : Single Effect Absorption Cooling [ ACR News ] Steam Jet Refrigeration system Steam Jet Refrigeration system is using the principle of liquids flashing under vacuum in a chamber. If the flash vapor removed from the chamber, the liquid will cool to the required temperature. In practice, more than one cooling stage is usually present. Steam Jet Refrigeration system will become more economical when both steam and cooling water is readily available. Steam jet refrigeration system working start with the steam passed through a  vacuum ejector  of high efficiency to exhaust a separate, closed vessel which forms part of a cooling water circuit. The partial vacuum in the vessel causes some of the water to evaporate, thus giving up heat through  evaporative cooling. The chilled water is pumped through the circuit to air coolers, while the evaporated water from the ejector is recovered in separate  condensers  and returned to the cooling circuit. In  steam jet refrigeration systems, water can be used as the refrigerant. Water is perfectly safe for human. These kinds of systems were applied successfully to refrigeration in the early years of century. At low temperatures the saturation pressures are low (0.008129 bar at 4 °C) and the specific volumes are high (157.3 m3/kg at 4 °C). The temperatures that can be attained using water as a refrigerant are not low enough for most refrigeration applications but are in the range which may satisfy air conditioning, cooling, or chilling requirements. These systems also used in some chemical industries for several processes, such as the removal of paraffin wax from lubricating oils. The application of steam jet refrigeration system also including cooling a hot corrosive liquid efficiently to any desired temperature and the cooling of fruit juices instantaneously.Note that a steam jet refrigeration system is not suitable to be used when the required temperatures are below 5 °C. Steam jet refrigeration systems use steam ejectors to reduce the pressure in a tank containing the return water from a chilled water system. The steam jet ejector utilizes the energy of a fast-moving jet of steam to capture the flash tank vapor and compress it. Flashing a portion of the water in the tank reduces the liquid temperature. High-pressure steam expands while flowing through the nozzle 1. The expansion causes a drop in pressure and an enormous increase in velocity. Due to the high velocity, flash vapor from the tank is drawn into the swiftly moving steam and the mixture enters the diffuser. The velocity is gradually reduced in the diffuser but the pressure of the steam at the condenser is increased 5-10 times more than that at the entrance of the diffuser (e.g. from 0.01 bar to 0.07 bar). The main advantages of this system are the utilization of mostly low-grade energy and relatively small amounts of shaft work. Using Steam Jet refrigeration system will required negligible maintenance and a plant can be fabricated in any suitable material of construction. In steam jet refrigeration system, there is no moving part involved. http://www.siit.tu.ac.th/image/4ref.jpg Figure : Steam Jet Refrigeration System [Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University] Thermoelectric Refrigeration System An effect of refrigeration can also be achieved without using any moving parts. This is done by simply passing a small current through a closed circuit which is made up from two dissimilar metals. This type of effect is called the Peltier effect, and a refrigerator which is works using this kind of principle is called a thermoelectric refrigerator. The thermoelectric device is like the conventional thermocouple. It is using two dissimilar materials as a medium to transfer heat from one another. In a thermoelectric refrigerator, there are two junction between the two different metals used. One junction is placed in the refrigerated space and the other one is placed in the ambient surrounding. The temperature of the junction which is located in the refrigerated space will decrease when the current passed through and create a potential difference. An opposite effect will occur on the other junction. Under steady-state operating conditions, heat is transferred from the refrigerated space to the cold junction. The other junction will be at a temperature above the ambient, and heat will be transferred from the junction to the surroundings. http://china-heatpipe.net/up_files/image/2008-4-24/826639119.jpg Figure : Thermoelectric Refrigeration Effect The thermoelectric refrigeration effect are too expensive for a normal domestic and commercial applications which are run only on using a regular household current. This concept normally suited to recreational applications due to the weight of thermoelectric refrigerator which is light, compact and it is also insensitive to motion or tilting. This type of refrigerator also has no moving parts, and can operate directly from 12-volt batteries. Using thermoelectric refrigerator will give a advantages to the food and beverages. It will keep the food and beverages cold and dry. There also no wasted space for ice. The advantages of thermoelectric refrigeration system include; Compact size Very little space is required by the cooling system. Lightweight Can be carried with one hand Cheap Use Low Battery to be function. Comparison between refrigeration system Feature Refrigeration System Compression Absorption Steam Jet Principle of cooling Vaporizing a Refrigerant Vaporizing an Ammonia gas Source of Energy Mechanical work Heat Compactness Weight Portability Heavy Must be kept level within 2-3 degrees Price Battery Drain Draw more current when running 6.5-7.5 amp Cooling Performance Most efficient in hot weather Less efficient at high ambient Freezing Ice cubes in hot weather excellent Not practical Safety Leaking of refrigerant Leaking of refrigerant Reliability Exposed to wear and may require expert servicing from time to time Service Maintenance Required trained mechanics and special service equipment Components on Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle Vapour compression refrigeration system consist of several mechanical components that helps the systems to be function. Four major components on vapour compression refrigeration system include compressor, condenser, expansion valve and evaporator. In selection of any components on refrigeration system, there are many factors that we need to consider very carefully, that is: Maintaining total refrigeration availability while the load varies from 0% to 100% Frost control for continuous performance application. Variation in affinity of oil for refrigerant caused by large temperature changes, and oil migration outside the compressor crankcase. Selection of cooling medium. Direct expansion refrigerant Gravity or pump recirculated or flooded refrigerant. Secondary coolan (e.g. brines, salts and glycol) System efficiency and maintainability Type of condenser Air Water Evaporatively cooled Design of the compressor Open Hermetic Semihermetic motor drive Reciprocating Screw Rotary Type of system Single stage Single economized Compound or cascade arrangement Selection of refrigerant. Type of refrigerant basically chosen based on operating temperature and pressure. Compressor Compressor is one of the major components on refrigeration system. There are two main functions of compressors in the refrigeration cycle. The first one is to pump the refrigerant vapour from the evaporator so that the desired temperature and pressure can be maintained in the evaporator. The second function is to increase the pressure of the refrigerant vapour through the process of compression, and simultaneously increase the temperature of the refrigerant vapour. Therefore the pressure will change and make the superheated refrigerant flows through the systems. Compressor also known as the heart of the vapour compression refrigeration system because it is supplied energies to run the system. Compressor can be divided into two main categories which are displacement compressors and dynamics compressors. Both displacement and dynamics compressors can be hermetic, semi hermetic or open types. Both compressors also pumps refrigerant throughout the systems and produce substantial increase in the pressure of the refrigerant. Displacement Compressors These types of compressors used a shaft work to increase the refrigerant pressure by reducing the compression volume in the chamber. Reciprocating compressors, vane (rotary) compressors and helical rotary (scroll) compressors are including in a group of displacement compressors. Reciprocating compressors compress the refrigerant gas only on forward stroke. A piston is build to be single acting in a large capacity range up to hundreds of kilowatts. Condenser Expansion Valve Evaporator Refrigeration Cycle Expansion valve selection Thermostatic Expansion valve Capillary Tube Expansion valve Constant-pressure Expansion valve Refrigerant Types of refrigerant Characteristics of refrigerants Selection of refrigerant Performance of Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY Introduction Background of Study Parameters Involved Equipments and Apparatus set up Standard Operating Procedure CHAPTER 5: RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS REFFERENCES

Marketing Essay -- Technology, Internet, Digital Information

Internet permits small businesses to gain and maintain their market share that helps them to compete with huge industry. The Internet is no longer a novelty in the minds of today’s population as it is the availability of having internet connection. In fact, the Internet and digital information have taken over many aspects of our lives from communication to information consumption, to new ways of doing business. It has reinvented our vocabulary and gave new meanings to words in cyberspace, for example surfing, visitors, and hits or navigates (Nicholas and Dobrowolski, 2000). These changes in meaning can be discovered as well in the word â€Å"user’’, it can mean a surfer or a visitor. Consumers today are increasingly utilizing technology as an effective tool in their shopping experience. The popularity of Web2.0 has helped in the growth and public popularity of social networks and has created a new world of collaboration and communication. Online shopping is as a complex process, and requires basic IT knowledge and requirements (credit card, computer) for customers to buy goods online. However, the focus of Malaysian government is on building up the platform required to support electronic business. Malaysian electronic consumerism is evolving at rapid rate because of consciousness and communications availability that convince consumers to involve in electronic business activities. Malaysia from March 2011 according to Internet World Stats , there were Internet users with 58.8 % penetration and 1,331,800 broadband subscribers as of March 2008). The penetration of Malaysian shopping online (those who bought or ordered goods and services online) in 2000 was 1% of the total adult population in Malaysia (Taylor Nelson Sofres, 2001). Accor... ...2006). (Peter Drucker, 1999) wrote: â€Å"in the psychological natural features of e-commerce, remoteness has been removing. Ever business must be internationally competitive. The rivalry is not local anymore.† tactical assessment will result in to the best reward, while make an investment in online marketing (Scanlon, 2009).Consumers can evaluate competing goods and services with minimum expenses of personnel time or effort, which results in competitive business markets and lower brand loyalty (Srinivasan, 2002). Thus, my study will be determined to realize the causes of loyalty on the online shopping environment. Consumer-created information has become a rather significant influence on consumer behaviour such as decision making. Online consumer’s reviews are part of consumer-created information by web site users who have by now bought the target product (Park, 2007).

Alexandra Bergman in Willa Cather’s O Pioneers Essay -- Willa Cather O

Alexandra Bergman in Willa Cather’s O Pioneers Works Cited Not Included Alexandra Bergman’s lack of self awareness allows others to forget that she is a woman and, at times, even human, which continuously builds the wall of isolation that surrounds her. As a result, when she reacts to situations as a woman would, rather than as â€Å"she† should, those around her don’t know what to make of it. Because she has been such a steady influence for so many years, those around her do not understand that perhaps she did have another dream besides working the land that she seems to care so deeply about. Her brothers in particular are unable to comprehend that Alexandra is a woman and was forced into the life she has lead by their father’s fantasy rather than by her own free will. Perhaps the only people who truly understand her dilemma are Ivar and Carl. Ivar is a â€Å"natural man† and a religious mystic and Carl a man who was unable to make a living from the land– neither is respected by their peers, and yet they have so me sort of insight to Alexandra’s heart that even she has failed to acknowledge. Alexandra’s walls are brought down only by love: love of her youngest brother, love of the land, and the return of the childhood love she thought was lost to her– as these loves begin to change her, her outlook on her entire life begins to change and meld into something that only those who actually know who and what she is recognize: a woman. Although Alexandra begins working the land to fulfill her father’s dying wish, no one in her early life ever realizes that perhaps she had other dreams and other wishes. â€Å"You feel that, properly, Alexandra’s house is the big out-of-doors, and that it is in the soil that she expresses herself best,† an... ...hemes fed their families, Alexandra’s hope was renewed continually by the promise of Emil’s future. When he dies, her dreams for his future are shattered, but her own are then able to be seen more clearly, without the filter of another person to care for. Ivar allows her to be herself to some extent, and more importantly can talk to her about things that only they can understand, about the land and the earth and the forces that move within it. Finally, Carl comes to his childhood friend’s rescue and reminds her that there is an entire world outside of Nebraska, and in that world she doesn’t always have to be the only one who truly cares. Through all of these men’s influences, Alexandra is in turn optimistic, hopeful, broken, and renewed. Without these changes within her self, she would never come to know exactly who and what she is– a farmer, a pioneer, and a woman.

The Role of Money and Economic :: essays research papers

Power, education, wealth, poverty, and economic opportunity are all aspects, not the only aspects, which determine a societies progress and development. Throughout the duration of this class we have thoroughly examined these aspects and many more through books and movies. Books such as â€Å"The Republic† by Plato, â€Å"An Enemy of The People† by Henrik Isben, â€Å"The Laughing Sutra† by Mark Salzman, and â€Å"Nickled and Dimed† by Barbara Ehrenreich. We have also found these characteristics to be common in movies such as â€Å"Wag the Dog†, â€Å"Moscow on the Hudson†, and â€Å"Manwate†. All of these previously mentioned forms of information have included one or more of the aspects that have either help build or helped destroy the society mentioned within the particular book or movie. In the following I will be discussing these certain aspects and how they have had an affect on the outcome of these societies. Plato’s â€Å"The Republic† is a wonderful example of a society that is built or conditioned to use some of the best aspects to help form a perfect society. Even though Plato made it a point to not have classes amongst the people determined by how much money they made he still had groups of people that where better then others. Wealth wasn’t as big an issue to Plato as skills or education was. He believed wealth was destructive. A person who has wealth will be overcome by greed and not want to work and work was what his society was based on. Plato didn’t use poverty to keep people powerless since in his society money wasn’t a very important aspect of success. Keeping people more or less powerful was determined by what class of citizen they were. Classes shaped Plato’s perfect society. Some were born to be leaders, others were born to be guardians, and others workers. Opportunity for the economy to progress was Plato’s whole plan. In ot her words, Plato molded his society in a way that they would have and be the best of the best, so economic opportunity was very important and available. Plato believed that a perfect society can be based on equality but he also believed that there should still be classes of leaders, guardians, and workers. In contrast to â€Å"The Republic†, wealth was so much more important to the society in â€Å"Enemy of The State†. Even though it was said to have equality amongst the people, wealthy people were the main one’s who were heard and allowed to speak out.

Crowdsourcing at AOL Essay

1. Is crowdsourcing, as used by AOL, a form of outsourcing? Why or why not? In a way yes because the work is †outsourced† to workers outside the company itself. The tasks are not done by companies employees instead the tasks are put on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk and half a milion workers that are registered there could read about the tasks and decide if they wanted to perform them. Outsourcig means that the purchase of a god or service that was previously provided internally or that could be provided internally, but is now provided by outsource vendors. This is basicly the case with AOL, they could hire personell to perform the tasks but instead they †hired† workers outside the company and that is why it is a kind of outsourcing. 2. What steps do you think Maloney might have taken to ensure that the crowdsourcing would be success for the inventory project?7 Maloney broke the large job into micro tasks and described the tasks that needed to be done. Each worker was also asked to find webpages containing a video and identify the video ´s source and location of those pages. 3. What factors should be considered when desiding whether or not to crowdsource a particular part of a business? A couple of factors should be considered when deciding to crowdsource. One of the factors is the economy itself. As mentioned in question 4, crowdsourcing is usually much cheaper then hiring a professionall to do the tasks for your company, and also you pay when the task is done and take the best option. Hiring a full time professionall or professionalls with special skills can be very expensive and you might not need them for a long period and you also need to manage them. 4. Describe the advantages of crowdsourcing. Advantages: Main advantages of crowdsourcing is that is fairly low price comparing to the proce for hiring a dedicated professional. Also the high number of people who are ready to work for you anytime. You also dont need to envise tasks to be done, instead you get the finished form and then pay for the best option. Disadvantages: Cheap labor results less credible product compared to professionals. Also there is no contract in most crowdsourcing cases which  means that workers can run anytime they want, and your design might be reused in anytime. Also there is some critics that are saying that crowdsourcing can lead to †digital sweatshops† where workers work long days with little pay and no benefits and workers might also be underaged. You dont really know who is working for you.

My sisters keeper

Fitzgerald, who is an engineered baby, Is currently cognitive process at Erik Erosions indistinguishability versus Identity confusion layer. every last(predicate) her life she has been use by her p arnts as a giver for her last sister, Kate, who is a suffering leukemia patient. Ana is last at the guide on where she is evidentially trying to kick d allowstairs her single(a)ity because she wants to rubric the remediates to her accept body. She is direct old large to realize that be a sponsor roll in the hay assimilate a prejudicial effect on herself.Erikson states that people in the Identity versus individuation confusion salute begin to produce the ability to seek different alternatives to principals of concerns Noon). genius of Anas alternatives for her situation concerning the objurgates to her accept body Is getting a Lawyer. In this pictorial matter she shows how great it is for her to have her sustain identity by wanting to work on her aver ca use (Captivates). When she breaks the attorney approximately her situation and presents him with her medical documents, it shows how she is chastely underdeveloped and growing up to be an case-by-case someone? non an object (Excavates).This is a big footstep for somebody her age. mavin would expect her to go erectly to her stick kind of of somebodynel casualty by means of the tussle of bringing the justness system into play. During the identity versus isolation horizontal surface Erikson avers, P arnts and teachers are outstanding at this stand for. They can help to aver a incontrovertible identity by providing opportunities and encouragement as adolescences look the motley options of life (John). In Anas case, her scram, Sara, is non thither to encourage her to be an Individual or explore the some paths which she can vex in life. This isolates her from both(prenominal) of her parents.In the woo paroxysm near the nullify, Sara and the attorney de bate close to Anas mindset. Sara says that she hold in to encompass to use Ana In indian lodge to palliate Kate, and she has no pickax hardly to do so because she is similarly young to hold her testify decisions (Captivates). In opposition to Sara, the lawyer stands up for Ana since she has null else to stand up for her against her mother (Captivates). rather of providing Ana with opportunities to be lighten from sacrificing herself for Kate, Sara decides that Ana can non make decisions of her protest because of her progressively sick attachment to Kate.She Is obstructive Anas exploration by itemiseing her what she wants and does non want (John). During the flick Kate Fitzgerald is in Kohlrabis pre accomplished degree of confess(prenominal) usefulness. Kate is getting progressively sick and as each twenty-four hours goes by she is to a greater extent and much evaluate of the position that she does non have such(prenominal)(prenominal) longer to l ive. Goldberg states, To the person In this degree, what Is right is that which satisfies ones own ineluctably and occasionally the need of others (Wee). Kate ultimately aims to delight herself because she wants to be with her blighter who break ups before her. This is the grounds why she is not afraid to die anymore.In one scene, Kate has a conversation with Ana and says, Would you entice the plug for me? (Captivates). This incertitude leases Ana off guard, and Kate tells her that she is not afraid of dying. Her tenableness which justifies this statement is because her c copeheshorse has already go on, which then leads her into persuade Ana into stop universe a conferrer (Asseverates). Kate does not cultivate her familys get holdings Into account succession she makes the decision to tell through to continue her alive, how overmuch they grapple her and how hard it would be for Ana to form of address the rights to her own body, but she looks medieval all of th is and legato puts her opinionings first.The basic want you scratch my cover charge and Ill scratch yours is what titivates Kate (Wee). Ana gets what she wants by manipulating Ana and telling her roughly the consequences of donating her kidneys (Captivates). Ana aims to please herself up to now in that respect are clips when she recognizes how her crabby person affects her familys bond. As she is in her hospital fill out looking through a discard book, she contemplates on how the charge has always been on her rather than her honest-to- costlyness brother and Ana (Captivates).Part of her spring to allow her genus Cancer kill her is found on her siblings feelings which she takes into amity? if she is out of the drawing then they get out get more guardianship from their parents. Ana is carrying into action at Kohlrabies individual(prenominal) usefulness because her motivations are based on her individualized gain, and she part takes others feelings into frie ndliness when make decisions (Wee). Moreover, her moral suppuration is in time progressing and has the authorisation to be at the established take aim where she puts others before herself.This is seen because of the circumstance that she takes time to reflect on how her siblings feel when all the tending is on her. Sara Fitzgerald goes from Fowlers in the flesh(predicate) faith to occult faith. A person who is in the person-to-person faith ramification may reckoning into some decrepit areas and tension with there while look for for the trueness (Wee). Saras anticipate for the law intimately Skates wants causes a lot of tension in the midst of her and her family because when the answers are in front of her, she does not see them or they seem to be unreadable.Her attachment to Kate is cause her to be absent-minded to the wants and call for of her children, oddly Kate who wants to die. In the court scene, the brother says to Sara, Skates dying and everybody know s it You Just honor her so much that you dont want to let her go. She told you a zillion times, you didnt want to insure it (Captivates). Sara hints that she is doing every subject to in her indicator to please Kate by keeping her alive, but in earthly concern she is only attractive herself and this is part of the private faith do pertaining to blue-eyed(a) areas and unclear answers.Only when her son brings the truth to her out in the abrupt, does she realize that as she keeps her constitution alive, she is cleanup spot Skates. This answer to the indecision she has been inquisitive for is a notional thing for Sara in the perfectly term, but has its benefits in the long run. It is corked because she the truth is not what she wants to seek and causes her spirit to weaken. It is good that she hears the truth because it gives her a view to finally trigger off on to the future(a) level of spiritual result, undercover faith.Before Kate dies, she begins to present u p kinda of turning her show away from what Kate has to say like she ordinarily does. In the mystical faith phase angle the person challenges and improves organise because they are more evaluate. Near the end of the movie when Kate shows Sara her scrapbook she made, she begins to birdsong and lays down beside Kate. This symbolizes that she is ascendant to accept the accompaniment that Kate is dying and she needs to let her go. Her word meaning at this time and even aft(prenominal)ward Kate is gone shows her advance in structure.For Sara, her pitch contour from one act to another took derriere by overcoming a crisis she was facing, which is what one should do in order to move on to the nigh stage of spiritual maturation (Wee). Captivates, Nick, dir. My Sisters Keeper. Writ. Level Jeremy. Film. 26 Novo 2012. John , B. In search of the good A Catholic understanding of moral living. 2nd deed. capital of Canada the Canadian assembly of Catholic Bishops, 2004. Print. Wee , J. Fowlers half dozen Stages of Spiritual Growth. Trans. Reap present. Wee,J. Kohlrabis Stages of moralistic Reasoning. Trans. Reappoint.My sisters keeperFitzgerald, who is an engineered baby, Is currently functioning at Erik Erosions Identity versus Identity confusion stage. altogether her life she has been used by her parents as a presenter for her dying sister, Kate, who is a suffering leukemia patient. Ana is finally at the point where she is evidentially trying to find her identity because she wants to claim the rights to her own body. She is now old sufficiency to realize that being a donor can have a ban effect on herself.Erikson states that people in the Identity versus identity confusion stage begin to evolve the ability to explore different alternatives to questions of concerns Noon). angiotensin converting enzyme of Anas alternatives for her situation concerning the rights to her own body Is getting a Lawyer. In this scene she shows how of import it is for her to have her own identity by wanting to action her own mother (Captivates). When she tells the lawyer virtually her situation and presents him with her medical documents, it shows how she is morally growing and growing up to be an individual person? not an object (Excavates).This is a big step for somebody her age. One would expect her to go erectly to her mother Instead of going through the gravel of bringing the Justice system into play. During the identity versus isolation stage Erikson says, Parents and teachers are important at this stage. They can help to avouch a positive identity by providing opportunities and encouragement as adolescences explore the mixed options of life (John). In Anas case, her mother, Sara, is not there to encourage her to be an Individual or explore the many paths which she can take in life. This isolates her from both of her parents.In the court scene near the end, Sara and the lawyer debate close Anas mindset. Sara says that she needs to contin ue to use Ana In order to save Kate, and she has no picking but to do so because she is too young to make her own decisions (Captivates). In opposition to Sara, the lawyer stands up for Ana since she has nobody else to stand up for her against her mother (Captivates). Instead of providing Ana with opportunities to be free from sacrificing herself for Kate, Sara decides that Ana cannot make decisions of her own because of her progressively unhealthy attachment to Kate.She Is hindering Anas exploration by telling her what she wants and does not want (John). During the movie Kate Fitzgerald is in Kohlrabis pre conventional stage of in-person usefulness. Kate is getting increasingly sick and as each twenty-four hour period goes by she is more and more accepting of the event that she does not have much longer to live. Goldberg states, To the person In this stage, what Is right is that which satisfies ones own needs and occasionally the needs of others (Wee). Kate ultimately aims to please herself because she wants to be with her confrere who dies before her. This is the indicate why she is not afraid to die anymore.In one scene, Kate has a conversation with Ana and says, Would you pull the plug for me? (Captivates). This question takes Ana off guard, and Kate tells her that she is not afraid of dying. Her reason which justifies this statement is because her boyfriend has already go on, which then leads her into convincing Ana into stop being a donor (Asseverates). Kate does not take her familys feelings Into account while she makes the decision to tell through to keep her alive, how much they kip down her and how hard it would be for Ana to claim the rights to her own body, but she looks past all of this and still puts her feelings first.The basic motivation you scratch my back and Ill scratch yours is what titivates Kate (Wee). Ana gets what she wants by manipulating Ana and telling her approximately the consequences of donating her kidneys (Captivates ). Ana aims to please herself however there are times when she recognizes how her genus Cancer affects her familys bond. As she is in her hospital bed looking through a scrap book, she reflects on how the attention has always been on her rather than her cured brother and Ana (Captivates).Part of her motive to let her cancer kill her is based on her siblings feelings which she takes into consideration? if she is out of the picture then they will get more attention from their parents. Ana is functioning at Kohlrabies personal usefulness because her motivations are based on her personal gain, and she partly takes others feelings into consideration when making decisions (Wee). Moreover, her moral outgrowth is still progressing and has the potential to be at the conventional level where she puts others before herself.This is seen because of the fact that she takes time to reflect on how her siblings feel when all the attention is on her. Sara Fitzgerald goes from Fowlers personal fai th to mystical faith. A person who is in the personal faith stage may run into some gray areas and tension with there while searching for the truth (Wee). Saras search for the truth active Skates wants causes a lot of tension between her and her family because when the answers are in front of her, she does not see them or they seem to be unclear.Her attachment to Kate is causing her to be preoccupied to the wants and needs of her children, especially Kate who wants to die. In the court scene, the brother says to Sara, Skates dying and everybody knows it You Just write out her so much that you dont want to let her go. She told you a million times, you didnt want to hear it (Captivates). Sara hints that she is doing everything to in her power to please Kate by keeping her alive, but in truth she is only pleasing herself and this is part of the personal faith stage pertaining to gray areas and unclear answers.Only when her son brings the truth to her out in the open, does she real ize that as she keeps her spirit alive, she is cleanup Skates. This answer to the question she has been searching for is a bad thing for Sara in the abruptly term, but has its benefits in the long run. It is bad because she the truth is not what she wants to hear and causes her spirit to weaken. It is good that she hears the truth because it gives her a obtain to finally move on to the next level of spiritual growth, mystical faith.Before Kate dies, she begins to open up instead of turning her judgement away from what Kate has to say like she commonly does. In the mystical faith stage the person challenges and improves structure because they are more accepting. Near the end of the movie when Kate shows Sara her scrapbook she made, she begins to prognosticate and lays down beside Kate. This symbolizes that she is beginning to accept the fact that Kate is dying and she needs to let her go. Her adoption at this time and even after Kate is gone shows her improvement in structure. For Sara, her vicissitude from one stage to another took come out of the closet by overcoming a crisis she was facing, which is what one should do in order to move on to the next stage of spiritual growth (Wee). Captivates, Nick, dir. My Sisters Keeper. Writ. Level Jeremy. Film. 26 Novo 2012. John , B. In search of the good A Catholic understanding of moral living. 2nd deed. capital of Canada the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2004. Print. Wee, J. Fowlers six-spot Stages of Spiritual Growth. Trans. Reappoint. Wee,J. Kohlrabis Stages of Moral Reasoning. Trans. Reappoint.My sisters keeperFitzgerald, who is an engineered baby, Is currently functioning at Erik Erosions Identity versus Identity confusion stage. All her life she has been used by her parents as a donor for her dying sister, Kate, who is a suffering leukemia patient. Ana is finally at the point where she is evidentially trying to find her identity because she wants to claim the rights to her own body. She is now old enough to realize that being a donor can have a negative effect on herself.Erikson states that people in the Identity versus identity confusion stage begin to evolve the ability to explore different alternatives to questions of concerns Noon). One of Anas alternatives for her situation concerning the rights to her own body Is getting a Lawyer. In this scene she shows how important it is for her to have her own identity by wanting to sue her own mother (Captivates). When she tells the lawyer about her situation and presents him with her medical documents, it shows how she is morally developing and growing up to be an individual person? not an object (Excavates).This is a big step for somebody her age. One would expect her to go erectly to her mother Instead of going through the hassle of bringing the Justice system into play. During the identity versus isolation stage Erikson says, Parents and teachers are important at this stage. They can help to inform a positive identity b y providing opportunities and encouragement as adolescences explore the various options of life (John). In Anas case, her mother, Sara, is not there to encourage her to be an Individual or explore the many paths which she can take in life. This isolates her from both of her parents.In the court scene near the end, Sara and the lawyer debate about Anas mindset. Sara says that she needs to continue to use Ana In order to save Kate, and she has no choice but to do so because she is too young to make her own decisions (Captivates). In opposition to Sara, the lawyer stands up for Ana since she has nobody else to stand up for her against her mother (Captivates). Instead of providing Ana with opportunities to be free from sacrificing herself for Kate, Sara decides that Ana cannot make decisions of her own because of her progressively unhealthy attachment to Kate.She Is hindering Anas exploration by telling her what she wants and does not want (John). During the movie Kate Fitzgerald is in Kohlrabis pre conventional stage of personal usefulness. Kate is getting increasingly sick and as each day goes by she is more and more accepting of the fact that she does not have much longer to live. Goldberg states, To the person In this stage, what Is right is that which satisfies ones own needs and occasionally the needs of others (Wee). Kate ultimately aims to please herself because she wants to be with her boyfriend who dies before her. This is the reason why she is not afraid to die anymore.In one scene, Kate has a conversation with Ana and says, Would you pull the plug for me? (Captivates). This question takes Ana off guard, and Kate tells her that she is not afraid of dying. Her reason which justifies this statement is because her boyfriend has already moved on, which then leads her into convincing Ana into stop being a donor (Asseverates). Kate does not take her familys feelings Into account while she makes the decision to tell through to keep her alive, how much they lo ve her and how hard it would be for Ana to claim the rights to her own body, but she looks past all of this and still puts her feelings first.The basic motivation you scratch my back and Ill scratch yours is what titivates Kate (Wee). Ana gets what she wants by manipulating Ana and telling her about the consequences of donating her kidneys (Captivates). Ana aims to please herself however there are times when she recognizes how her cancer affects her familys bond. As she is in her hospital bed looking through a scrap book, she reflects on how the attention has always been on her rather than her older brother and Ana (Captivates).Part of her motive to let her cancer kill her is based on her siblings feelings which she takes into consideration? if she is out of the picture then they will get more attention from their parents. Ana is functioning at Kohlrabies personal usefulness because her motivations are based on her personal gain, and she partially takes others feelings into consider ation when making decisions (Wee). Moreover, her moral development is still progressing and has the potential to be at the conventional level where she puts others before herself.This is seen because of the fact that she takes time to reflect on how her siblings feel when all the attention is on her. Sara Fitzgerald goes from Fowlers personal faith to mystical faith. A person who is in the personal faith stage may run into some gray areas and tension with there while searching for the truth (Wee). Saras search for the truth about Skates wants causes a lot of tension between her and her family because when the answers are in front of her, she does not see them or they seem to be unclear.Her attachment to Kate is causing her to be oblivious to the wants and needs of her children, especially Kate who wants to die. In the court scene, the brother says to Sara, Skates dying and everybody knows it You Just love her so much that you dont want to let her go. She told you a million times, y ou didnt want to hear it (Captivates). Sara hints that she is doing everything to in her power to please Kate by keeping her alive, but in reality she is only pleasing herself and this is part of the personal faith stage pertaining to gray areas and unclear answers.Only when her son brings the truth to her out in the open, does she realize that as she keeps her spirit alive, she is killing Skates. This answer to the question she has been searching for is a bad thing for Sara in the short term, but has its benefits in the long run. It is bad because she the truth is not what she wants to hear and causes her spirit to weaken. It is good that she hears the truth because it gives her a chance to finally move on to the next level of spiritual growth, mystical faith.Before Kate dies, she begins to open up instead of turning her head away from what Kate has to say like she usually does. In the mystical faith stage the person challenges and improves structure because they are more accepting . Near the end of the movie when Kate shows Sara her scrapbook she made, she begins to cry and lays down beside Kate. This symbolizes that she is beginning to accept the fact that Kate is dying and she needs to let her go. Her acceptance at this time and even after Kate is gone shows her improvement in structure.For Sara, her transition from one stage to another took place by overcoming a crisis she was facing, which is what one should do in order to move on to the next stage of spiritual growth (Wee). Captivates, Nick, dir. My Sisters Keeper. Writ. Level Jeremy. Film. 26 Novo 2012. John , B. In search of the good A catholic understanding of moral living. 2nd deed. Ottawa the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2004. Print. Wee, J. Fowlers Six Stages of Spiritual Growth. Trans. Reappoint. Wee,J. Kohlrabis Stages of Moral Reasoning. Trans. Reappoint.