Equine Nutrition :: Biology Anatomy Horse Essays

The digestive system of the horse consists of a simple stomach, small intestines, cecum, enlarged and small colons, rectum and anus. The horses stomach is relatively small for its size. The stomach of an aver season horse has a holding capacity of about two gallons. This may be the reason horses eat small provided frequent meals. From the stomach food moves to the small intestine, which is the main site of digestion. The small intestine empties into the cecum. The cecum along with the large colon make up the large intestine. Digestion in the large intestine occurs by action of bacteria and protozoa. (arg.gov.sk.ca)The energy content found in consecrates and how it is measured in Kilocalories (kcal). (arg.gov.sk.ca) which is also the measure utilise for calories in human consumption. Equine energy intake is measured in megacalories (Mcal) which are equal to 1000 calories. (arg.gov.sk.ca) The total energy in feed is called gross(a) energy. The amount of the feeds gross energy tha t is used by the horse is called Digestible Energy or DE. Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) is also a measure of feed content energy, it is reported in percentages and converts between calories and weight. (arg.gov.sk.ca)Carbohydrates supply 80-90% of nourishmentary energy. Sugars, starch, cellulose and related substances are carbohydrates. Starch is more easily digested than cellulose. Grains are easy to digest as they are 60-80% starch. (arg.gov.sk.ca) A recent study conducted by Sharon R. Bullimore et. all. investigated the result of supplementing the diet of endurance horses with fructose rather than glucose. They conclude that fructose is well-absorbed by horses and rapidly born-again to glucose.An assessment of adequate energy intake can be established by evaluating body condition. Deficient diets result in weight loss in the horse. Alternate causes of weight loss are internal parasites and disease. Excess energy intake wall cause obisity which stresses joints and reduces ath letic ability. (arg.gov.sk.ca) A horse in muffle physical condition is described as Back level. Ribs cannot be visually distinguished but can be easily felt. Fat around tailhead rise to feel spongy. Withers appear rounded over spinous processes. Shoulders and neck blend smoothly into body. (Henneke et al., 1981)Protein is necessary in a horses diet as they can not produce the amino acid lysine and must be supply it in their feed. The horses protein requirements vary depending on age and function. Young horses needing more as they are still developing tissues made of protein.